Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2013

Keywords

Orphan Drug, Rare Disease, Market Exclusivity, Patents, Pharmaceutical Policy

Abstract

Putting aside whether diseases that affect only small numbers of people ("rare diseases") should be prioritized over diseases that are otherwise orphaned, in this paper I argue that a new approach to rare, orphan diseases is needed. The current model, first signaled by the United States’ Orphan Drug Act and subsequently emulated by several other jurisdictions, relies on a set of open-ended criteria and market-based incentives in order to define and encourage drug therapies for rare, orphan diseases. Given a) the biopharmaceutical industries’ growing interest in orphan diseases, b) progress in the sphere of personalized medicines enabling more and more common diseases to be reclassified as rare, and c) empirical evidence suggesting that the most orphan drugs target only a limited, lucrative subset of rare diseases, I argue that Canada, which recently announced plans to develop its own "orphan drug framework" should not follow the United States’ orphan drug model.

Comments

This is a preprint of an article whose final and definitive form has been published in Accountability in Research 2013 (copyright Taylor & Francis). Accountability in Research is available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08989621.2013.793120#.Uc28FetQ3uY

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